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Blaise Pascal, born June 19, 1623, Clermont-Ferrand, Fr. died Aug. 19, 1662, Paris. French mathematician, philosopher and inventor. His early work included the invention of the adding machine and syringe, and the co-development with Fermat of the mathematical theory of probability. Later he became a Jansenist and wrote on philosophy and theology, notably as collected in the posthumous Pensées (1670). His ideas on inner religion influenced Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Henri Bergson, and the Existentialists.
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